FREE ESSAY ON COLONIAL WOMEN

COLONIAL WOMEN

Women did not have an easy life during the American Colonial period. Before a woman
reached 25 years of age, she was expected to be married with at least one child. Most, if
not all, domestic tasks were performed by women, and most domestic goods and food were
prepared and created by women. Women performed these tasks without having any legal
acknowledgment. Although women had to endure many hardships, their legal and personal
lives were becoming less restricted, although the change was occurring at a snail's pace.
Life for the colonial woman was a mix of imprisonment and freedom in their marriages,
homes, and in the American Colonial legal system.
Women who chose to come to the American Colonies had a 100 percent chance of finding a
husband. Women outnumbered men almost six to one. Any woman could be choosy when finding
a husband, for countless men tried to woo her into marriage. Because women could choose
their husbands, they could marry those men who would give her the most benefits. A woman
did not have to marry a man who would treat her poorly. In most New England colonies, a
woman could sue her husband for a divorce if her treated her without respect and abused
or neglected her. Although women had the legal privilege to divorce a bad husband, she
did not have any legal rights under the law. As soon as she married her husband, she lost
all legal existence. For a woman to have any place in the legal system it was better to
remain single. Single women, or Feme Sole had more legal rights than a married woman. She
could own property, retain control of her earnings, and sign contracts. Feme Sole was a
better legal status, but it was a socially unacceptable status. Unmarried women were
looked down upon as being infertile. Women could either marry, have children, and loose
all legal rights or remain single, bear no children (or have children out of wedlock),
and retain her own independent legal status. 
A woman had a busy domestic life. A woman played the role of wife, mother, teacher and
manager. She had to please her husband, bear and raise children, educate her children,
and manage all daily household activities. In the home, the woman was the jack of all
trades. Part of the role of the female was to take raw goods, and turn them into useful
items, such as food, candles, and clothing. Women had to clean, butcher and prepare all
game brought home to the family. A woman was a household factory. Many items in the home
were created by women. All clothing was made by spinning, weaving and stitching. All
cloth was washed by hand without the aid of any machines. Candles were made at home by
weaving a wick and pouring hot wax into a mold. A woman had to be educated enough to
teach her sons and daughters the skills of life. Women spent the majority of their time
performing daily tasks, but still were able to have leisure activities such as painting,
embroidery, and charity work. 
Women had very few legal rights. In the majority of colonies, women had no legal control
over their lives. It was the consensus among society that a female was best represented
by her father, brothers, and husbands. A woman could only own property if there was no
men in her private life. If she was married, a woman's husband held claim over her
property due to the Feme Covert laws. Single women had more legal rights, but were looked
down upon by society. Widowhood offered the opportunities of the single woman to a once
married woman. The widow was able to take over her husband's business, trade and
property. Many widows ran farms and plantations, became shopkeepers, merchants,
blacksmiths and tavern owners. Some women ran schools within her home. Other women were
paid money to quarter prisoners in their homes. Married women's rights were legally
limited, but her rights in the home depended on her husband. Women were treated as
property, and her husband's attitude on his wife's role in the home decided her rights. A
man who believed women were separate (but equal) to men would give his wife more freedom
than a man who believed that women were inferior to men. Women could have more legal
rights depending on their marital status and attitudes of her husband if she was
married.
Women's life was both freedom and imprisonment. She was expected to marry and loose all
legal rights, but she did have the freedom to choose whether to marry or not. Even
without legal status, a woman's husband would decide how free his wife's life would be.
Husbands who treated their wives as equals bestowed more domestic rights and privileges
to his wife and family. Many years would pass before women and men would be total equals
legally and domestically. Although it appears that women were chattel of men, they still
had come a long way from being total slaves of men. Slowly but surely, society's
expectations and ideas of what a woman's role was to be was changing. As time passed,
more choices were being added to how a woman could live her life. Colonial women had few
choices - but more were coming along the way.
References:
The Woman and the American Experience, Nancy Woloch, McGraw-Hill, 1994
Inventing the American Woman, An Inclusive History, Glenda Riley, Harlan Davidson, Inc.,
1995