FREE ESSAY ON GREAT BARRIER REEF

GREAT BARRIER REEF

The Great Barrier Reef 
The Great Barrier Reef is the biggest group of coral reefs in the world. 
It stretches along the coast on the north-east part of Australia. It is called the Great
Barrier Reef because it creates a barrier between the Pacific Ocean and the coast. 
The Great Barrier Reef is a scattering of thousands of individual reefs. The reefs is on
the World Heritage List made by UNESCO, because of its size and its many different plants
and fishes. The reef lies in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, the world's largest
marine park. It has an area of nearly 350 000 square kilometres. The reef region is 260
000 square kilometres. The reef region is a popular tourist attraction because of its
warm climate, sandy beaches, colourful wildlife, tropical islands and ideal conditions
for water sports. 
Location and size 
The Great Barrier Reef stretches north and north-west from Gladstone, Queensland, to a
point in the Gulf of Papua. The Great Barrier Reef is longer than 2000 kilometres and
consists of nearly 3000 different reefs. An average reef is about 110 square kilometres
in area. The area that The Great Barrier Reef lies in has relatively shallow waters of
about 40 metres deep. 
Marine Life 
The Great Barrier Reef consists of billions of smal animals called coral polyps and
plants called coralline algae. The coral reef is built up by dead corals, with a thin
outside of living corals. A coral reef includes many species of corals, such as staghorn
coral, brain coral, honeycomb coral and mound coral. Almost 1500 of 3000 kinds of fish
known to live in the seas around Australia are found in the reef region. Angelfish, cod,
manta rays, mackerel, butterfly fish and surgeon fish all live in reef waters. Other
animals that live in the reef waters include crabs, shrimps, crayfish, sea urchins, sea
stars, sea cucumbers, soft corals, sea fans, sponges, sea anemones and worms. 
Physical features 
Experts think that parts of the Great Barrier Reef could be as much as 18 million years
old. But the most of it have developed over the last 2 million years. The reefs on the
top are only a few thousands years old, but most of these reefs are built upon a
foundation of older reefs. 
Sea level was more than 130 metres below today's level about 20 000 years ago. The
existing reefs were at this time limestone hills rising from the plain. The sea level
started to raise about 18 000 years ago, and the hills were covered with water. Corals
began to grow again. The old reefs often provided the most suitable foundations for this
new growth. When the land was covered by the rising sea, a number of mountain ranges were
cut of from the main land to become continental islands. There are 616 islands in the
reef region. 
Climate 
The climate of the Great Barrier Reef varies. In the north there is tropical conditions
and high humidity and a wet season around January. In the south it is cooler, subtropical
to temperate conditions. The water temperature in the south seldom falls below 20 C. 
Bibliography
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