FREE ESSAY ON JOCELYN (SUSAN) BELL BURNELL

JOCELYN (SUSAN) BELL BURNELL

Jocelyn (Susan)Bell Burnell
An important woman in the contribution of science is Jocelyn Bell Burnell. She is a
British astronomer that discovered pulsars, which is a tiny, very dense, rapidly rotating
neutron
star that appear to emit radiation in pulses.
Jocelyn was born in 1943 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. She was raised near the Armagh
Observatory, which obviously impacted her life She graduated from Glasgow University in
1965
with a B.S. degree in Physics, and in 1968 she received a Ph.D. in radio astronomy from
the
University of Cambridge in 1968. Jocelyn began her studies by conducting experiments of
gamma-ray astronomy at the University of Southampton. From 1974 through 1982, Jocelyn
worked in X-ray astronomy at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at the University
College in
London. In 1982 she became a senior research fellow at the Royal Observatory in
Edinburgh,
Scotland, working with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii and also did
astrophysical
research in the optical and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum until 1991.
Her discovery came from the initial research at Cambridge, where she built a radio
telescope to track quasars, which are starlike objects that have a large red shift, emit
powerful
blue light, and can often emit radio waves. Then in 1967, while using the radio
telescope, there
was an unexpected discovery, which she shared among with Antony Hewish and other
colleagues. Jocelyn noticed that there was a source of regular, intense pulses of radio
waves that
emitted a burst every 1.337 seconds. At first, there was an attempted explanation that
this
phenomenon might be a beacon from alien sources, so they initially named the pulsing
source
LGM or "Little Green Men". After a few months, however, the astronomer had discovered a
number of other sources in distant space and deduced from their far away locations and
other
characteristics, that these pulses must be occurring naturally. Then Jocelyn and her
colleagues
realized that these pulse patterns came from a special type of star that they naturally
termed a
pulsar.
Her discovery has made a huge impact in the science world. Astronomers have now
discovered over 400 pulsars, but only the Crab Pulsar and the Vela pulsar, can emit
visibly
detectable pulses. These pulsars are distinguished from other types of celestial radio
sources by
their emissions. Instead of remaining constant over a period of years or longer , these
pulsar
emissions consist of brier pulses of regularity. The pulses can last from a period of a
few
milliseconds to as long as several seconds. Pulsars are also powerful electric
generators, that are
capable of accelerating charged particles to energies of a trillion volts.
On account of Bell Burnell's discovery of the pulsars , astronomers have been able to
lead further investigations of pulsars. Also , they are able to have a better
understanding of the
Milky Way Galaxy.
Bibliography
Microsoft Encarta Encyclopdia 98