FREE ESSAY ON PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS

Pediatrics, branch of medicine, that comprises the care and treatment of the diseases of
childhood and the study of normal growth. Pediatrics became a specialty in the 20th
century. In the 1980s some pediatricians began a subspecialty called adolescent medicine,
which deals with the special medical and emotional needs of persons between the ages of
approximately 12 and 20 years.
Pediatricians are trained to recognize congenital defects and to treat them when
possible. One important treatable class of these conditions is congenital heart
malformations; surgical correction of these defects has become increasingly successful.
Other congenital illnesses that must be diagnosed and treated soon after birth are
phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism . Pediatricians must also handle a number
of infectious diseases that are most often seen in childhood. Mumps, measles, whooping
cough, poliomyelitis, and croup. Many of these diseases can be prevented by immunization,
which is the responsibility of the pediatrician.
Pediatricians also monitor the normal growth and development of a child according to
important motor and intellectual milestones. Recognition of developmental lags may point
to lack of proper nutrition, poisoning with environmental substances such as lead, or
hyperactivity. In addition, pediatricians must be alert for disorders that usually first
become apparent in childhood, such as allergy, immune deficiency diseases, and epilepsy.